Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the pediatric dialysis population (1). Although the risk of dying from cardiovascular causes decreases considerably after renal-Tx, cardiac disease remains the second most common cause of death in the post-transplant period (2). A variety of factors have been
associated with the development of cardiacdisease in the ESRD population. Some of the contributors are chronic anemia (3), hypertension (4), hyperparathyroidism (5), elevated homocysteine levels (6), and hyperlipidemia (7, 8). Hyperlipidemia is a common occurrence both in adult and pediatric renal transplant recipients with a reported prevalence of 30– 75%, even on long-term follow-up (9, 10). In addition to its contribution towards cardiovascular morbidity, there is growing concern that a
high-risk lipid profile could promote allograft injury thereby contributing to the development and progression of chronic allograft nephropathy, the most common cause of graft loss (11). As a consequence, interest in monitoring and attempting to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia in the post-transplant period has increased dramatically.

Butani, L. (2005). "Prospective monitoring of lipid profiles in children receiving pravastatin preemptively after renal transplantation." Pediatr Transplantation 9: 746-753.